<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19427305</id><updated>2009-02-20T20:31:51.426-04:00</updated><title type='text'>O primeiro dia do resto do meu mestrado...</title><subtitle type='html'>Relato do dia a dia das pesquisas, sucessos e insucessos de um mestrando.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/19427305/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Rodrigo Camelo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06245907414937336717</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>4</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19427305.post-113337899551932781</id><published>2005-11-30T15:29:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2005-11-30T15:29:55.530-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Passar para o inglês artigo de amiga...</title><content type='html'>... só pela experiência mesmo e pelo desenvolvimento da ciência, porque a tarefa não é fácil não, mesmo entrando como co-autor do trabalho. Enfim, pediram ajuda e me comprometi, e agora? FAZER!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/19427305-113337899551932781?l=ontologias.blogspot.com'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/feeds/113337899551932781/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=19427305&amp;postID=113337899551932781' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/19427305/posts/default/113337899551932781'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/19427305/posts/default/113337899551932781'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/2005/11/passar-para-o-ingls-artigo-de-amiga.html' title='Passar para o inglês artigo de amiga...'/><author><name>Rodrigo Camelo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06245907414937336717</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='14679319337252501294'/></author><thr:total xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19427305.post-113332392885959437</id><published>2005-11-30T00:12:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2005-11-30T00:12:08.916-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Isolamento... agora entendo a necessidade!</title><content type='html'>Definitivamente vou perder amigos e talvez até ganhar inimizades, mas é virtualmente impossível fazer as pessoas entenderem que eu preciso me concentrar no que estou fazendo. Telefones? Celular Oi, celular Tim, Telefone Fixo... vou parar de atender tudo, só vou atender minha mãe, irmã e pai (este nunca liga mesmo). MSN? NEM PENSAR! O ocupado dele mais um aviso "Estou estudando" não significa absolutamente nada... deixava ligado apenas para mantar um canal aberto com minha mãe e irmã...bahh...querendo enganar quem? Era para ter ao menos a sensação de que não estava só, mesmo sem falar com ninguém. Graças a Deus estou conseguindo passar manhãs e tardes sem ao menos ligá-lo.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/19427305-113332392885959437?l=ontologias.blogspot.com'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/feeds/113332392885959437/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=19427305&amp;postID=113332392885959437' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/19427305/posts/default/113332392885959437'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/19427305/posts/default/113332392885959437'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/2005/11/isolamento-agora-entendo-necessidade.html' title='Isolamento... agora entendo a necessidade!'/><author><name>Rodrigo Camelo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06245907414937336717</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='14679319337252501294'/></author><thr:total xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19427305.post-113329522006558506</id><published>2005-11-29T15:50:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2005-11-29T17:00:14.160-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Heuristic</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;Heuristic&lt;/b&gt; is the art and science of discovery and invention.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here are sSome commonplace heuristics, all from &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Solve_It" title="How to Solve It"&gt;How to Solve It&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;If you are having difficulty understanding a problem, try drawing a picture.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you can't find a solution, try assuming that you have a solution and seeing what you can derive from that ("working backward").&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If the problem is abstract, try examining a concrete example.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Try solving a more general problem first (the "inventor's paradox": the more ambitious plan may have more chances of success).&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; A particular technique of directing your attention toward discovery is &lt;i&gt;a heuristic,&lt;/i&gt; two or more of these are &lt;i&gt;heuristics,&lt;/i&gt; and the adjective for "pertaining to how something is discovered" is &lt;i&gt;heuristic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;In &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science"&gt;computer science&lt;/a&gt;, the term &lt;b&gt;heuristic&lt;/b&gt; has two well-defined technical meanings, as in:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Heuristic algorithms&lt;/h2&gt;Two fundamental goals in computer science are finding &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm"&gt;algorithms&lt;/a&gt; with provably good &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_time" title="Run time"&gt;run times&lt;/a&gt; and with provably good or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimum" title="Optimum"&gt;optimal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution" title="Solution"&gt;solution&lt;/a&gt; quality. A &lt;b&gt;heuristic&lt;/b&gt; is an algorithm that gives up one or both of these goals; for example, it usually finds pretty good solutions, but there is no proof the solutions could not get arbitrarily bad; or it usually runs reasonably quickly, but there is no argument that this will always be the case.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Heuristics in shortest-path problems&lt;/h2&gt; For &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortest_path_problem" title="Shortest path problem"&gt;shortest path problems&lt;/a&gt;, the term has a different meaning. Here, a &lt;i&gt;heuristic&lt;/i&gt; is a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_%28mathematics%29" title="Function (mathematics)"&gt;function&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;span class="texhtml"&gt;&lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; defined on the nodes of a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_tree" title="Search tree"&gt;search tree&lt;/a&gt;, which serves as an estimate of the cost of the cheapest &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path" title="Path"&gt;path&lt;/a&gt; from that node to the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal" title="Goal"&gt;goal&lt;/a&gt; node. Heuristics are used by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informed_search_algorithm" title="Informed search algorithm"&gt;informed search algorithms&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greedy_best-first_search" title="Greedy best-first search"&gt;Greedy best-first search&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-star_search_algorithm" title="A-star search algorithm"&gt;A*&lt;/a&gt; to choose the best node to explore.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Finding heuristics&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p&gt;The problem of finding an admissible heuristic with a low branching factor for common search tasks has been extensively researched in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence"&gt;artificial intelligence&lt;/a&gt; community. Several common techniques are used:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Solution costs of &lt;b&gt;sub-problems&lt;/b&gt; often serve as useful estimates of the overall solution cost. These are always admissible. For example, a heuristic for a 10-puzzle might be the cost of moving tiles 1-5 into their correct places. A common idea is to use a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pattern_database&amp;amp;action=edit" class="new" title="Pattern database"&gt;pattern database&lt;/a&gt; that stores the exact solution cost of every subproblem instance.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;The solution of a &lt;b&gt;relaxed problem&lt;/b&gt; often serves as a useful admissible estimate of the original. For example, manhattan distance is a relaxed version of the n-puzzle problem, because we assume we can move each tile to its position in a single step.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Given a set of admissible heuristic functions &lt;span class="texhtml"&gt;&lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;(&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;),&lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;),...,&lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;(&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;, the function &lt;span class="texhtml"&gt;&lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;) = max{&lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;(&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;),&lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;),...,&lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;(&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;)}&lt;/span&gt; is an admissible heuristic that dominates all of them.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic_%28computer_science%29)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/19427305-113329522006558506?l=ontologias.blogspot.com'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/feeds/113329522006558506/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=19427305&amp;postID=113329522006558506' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/19427305/posts/default/113329522006558506'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/19427305/posts/default/113329522006558506'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/2005/11/heuristic.html' title='Heuristic'/><author><name>Rodrigo Camelo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06245907414937336717</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='14679319337252501294'/></author><thr:total xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19427305.post-113329346024815280</id><published>2005-11-29T15:36:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2005-11-29T17:16:41.106-04:00</updated><title type='text'>O primeiro dia do resto do meu mestrado....</title><content type='html'>... e assim serão encarados todos os dias até eu concluí-lo!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O espaço é de uso particular, contudo colegas de pesquisa que acharem algo útil no emaranhado de cut &amp;amp; paste de definições, novas idéias, propostas, reflexões, relatos, desabafos, etc, podem ficar a vontade para visitar e comentar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MISSÃO(Objetivo): Realizar um projeto de pesquisa útil e consistente, culminando com a escrita da tese e sua defesa.&lt;br /&gt;PLANO(Milestones): Postar diariamente os avanços, sucessos e insucessos ao longo do caminho.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"From Now on, It's a Matter of Honor!"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/19427305-113329346024815280?l=ontologias.blogspot.com'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/feeds/113329346024815280/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=19427305&amp;postID=113329346024815280' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/19427305/posts/default/113329346024815280'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/19427305/posts/default/113329346024815280'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ontologias.blogspot.com/2005/11/o-primeiro-dia-do-resto-do-meu.html' title='O primeiro dia do resto do meu mestrado....'/><author><name>Rodrigo Camelo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06245907414937336717</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='14679319337252501294'/></author><thr:total xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'>0</thr:total></entry></feed>